If the frequency of B allele is 0.7, then we know that the frequency of b allele is 0.3.The frequencies of the Hardy-Weinberg genotype, p 2 + 2pq + q 2, reflect the binomial expansion of (p + q) 2, and also amount to one.If there are only two alleles at a locus, then by mathematical necessity, p+q equals one.For instance, if the frequency of allele B in the population is p and the frequency of allele b in the population is q, then the frequency of genotype BB= p 2, the frequency of genotype Bb= 2pq, and the frequency of genotype bb= q 2.Once a population is in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, this frequency distribution will not alter from generation to generation.If p and q are the allele frequencies in a population with two alleles B and b, at the locus, then p 2, 2pq, and q 2 are the predicted genotype frequencies.In a group, allele frequencies will not alter from generation to generation.On a set of conditions, this theorem states that:.The Hardy-Weinberg Theorem concerns with Mendelian genetics in the frame of reference of populations of diploid, individuals reproducing sexually.Thus, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium explains an idealized state, and genetic variations in nature can be evaluated as changes from this equilibrium state.The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium scarcely applies in nature, since all of these destructive forces usually occur in nature.The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can also be altered by gene flow, which occurs when mating between two species transfers new alleles into a population.Genetic drift, which occurs when allele frequencies grow higher or lower by chance and usually takes place in small populations, is another aspect that may disrupt this equilibrium.This happens as certain alleles help or harm the survival chances of the organisms that carry them.Likewise, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is disrupted by natural selection and nonrandom mating as they result in shifts in gene frequencies.For example, mutations disturb the equilibrium of allele frequencies, by the introduction of new alleles into a population.The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be disturbed by a number of processes, including mutations, non-random mating, genetic drift, natural selection, and gene flow.Hardy and the German physician Wilhelm Weinberg It was discovered in 1908 by the English mathematician G.H.In other words, the Hardy-Weinberg Law states that under a limited set of conditions, it is possible to calculate the predicted frequencies of genotypes in a population if the frequency of the distinct alleles in a population is known.The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that both the allele frequencies and the genotype frequencies are constant from generation to generation in a large random-mating population when they are not influenced by the evolutionary processes.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg principle of equilibrium:
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